Critique analysis of scientific paper (How does calorie restriction Essay

Critique analysis of scientific paper (How does calorie restriction work) - Essay Example Testing biases may have played a role, as controlled subjects may have been overfed to the extent of sickness. Despite knowledge of its effects strongly established, its mechanisms remain unknown due to the complexities from metabolic, neuroendocrine, and apoptotic changes involved. Several theories exist on the mechanism of CR. Classical views by evolutionary biologists shows that aging results from the inability of natural selection to pick out and dispose the undesirable characteristics in a post reproductive stage of life. According to a leading research, aging is caused by oxidative damage to DNA, RNA, lipids and proteins. Such damage is reported to have been reduced in CR animals. Studies conducted on CR in yeast have proven that food deficiency has resulted in an increased life span, as part of a synchronized response. Studies conducted on CR and metabolic changes in mammals show that it consists of two stages. The adaptive stage is one in which the restricted animal adjusts to low levels of glucose intake, and results in a striking loss of protein and carbohydrates followed by fat mass. Consequently, the liver produces ketones that are used in the next phase that is the steady state to meet the brain’s energy requirements. Glucose level in the blood falls and then rises, albeit not to the same degree as the initial level, during the whole process. The neuroendocrine system has been found to play a fundamental role in the aging process, its unique feature being that it affects every tissue of the body. Strong evidence is available from researches on various species of worms for part that hormones play in the process. There are normally low levels of pituitary growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone, and other hormones in CR animals. This attests the significant position that neuroendocrine system

Read two essays, and which historian (Dan Carter or Bruce Schulman) Assignment

Read two essays, and which historian (Dan Carter or Bruce Schulman) does the best job of describing the origins of the New Right Why - Assignment Example Carter’s approach of depicting the origins of the New Right is from an event’s (politician’s race) perspective. However, his work neglected to explore the holistic nature of the New Right phenomenon and presented a one-sided argument -- that political movement alone spurred its resurgence. Carter’s work focused on Wallace’s contribution: â€Å"his attacks on the federal government have become the gospel of modern conservatism; his angry rhetoric, the foundation for the new ground rules of political warfare† (Hoffman, Blum, and Gjerde 485). According to his work, the resurgence of New Right started with â€Å"George Wallace’s racist populism, sharpened with Nixon and Agnew’s ‘law and order’ demagogy and triumphant with Reagan’s ‘tough on crime’ policies† (Lyons 28). Schulman’s work capitalized in his clear demographic story of the economic shifting towards the Sunbelt (a rightist territory) and establishment of supporting arguments about the strengthening of New Right. His arguments include the 1) stating of economic developments; 2) fostering of a less federal government; 3) posing the effects of the failure of North and Eastern unions like, they â€Å"had risen with the great industrial revolution in the heartland, and they were falling with it too† (Hoffman, Blum, and Gjerde 488); and emphasizing, not just political developments but socio-cultural developments. Schulman’s format worked well in presenting the emergence of New Right as a participating event in the â€Å"reconfiguration of twentieth-century American politics† (McGirr 273). Much of New Right activities took center stage in politics, yet its big picture lies in the industrial and commercial movements of the economy, and socio-cultural flow within the civilian spheres. Thus, it is appropriate to include not just a single perspective in presenting the New Right’s origins. Bruce Schulman’s work took heed of this topic’s nature and