Are Sports Drinks Better Than Water for Hydration

What drink is best for getting and staying hydrated during exercise? Should you choose water? Are sports drinks best? What about juice or carbonated soft drinks? Coffee or tea? Beer? Water The natural choice for hydration is water. It hydrates better than any other liquid, both before and during exercise. Water tends to be less expensive and more available than any other drink. You need to drink 4-6 ounces of water for every 15-20 minutes of exercise. That can add up to a lot of water! While some people prefer the taste of water over other drinks, most people find it relatively bland and will stop drinking water before becoming fully hydrated. Water is the best, but it only helps you if you drink it. Sports Drinks Sports drinks dont hydrate better than water, but you are more likely to drink larger volumes, which leads to better hydration. The typical sweet-tart taste combination doesnt quench thirst, so you will keep drinking a sports drink long after water has lost its appeal. An attractive array of colors and flavors are available. You can get a carbohydrate boost from sports drinks, in addition to electrolytes which may be lost from perspiration, but these drinks tend to offer lower calories than juice or soft drinks. Juice Juice may be nutritious, but it isnt the best choice for hydration. The fructose, or fruit sugar, reduces the rate of water absorption so cells dont get hydrated very quickly. Juice is a food in its own right and its uncommon for a person to drink sufficient quantities to keep hydrated. Juice has carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes, but it isnt a great thirst quencher. Carbonated Soft Drinks When you get right down to it, the colas and noncolas of the world arent good for the body. The acids used to carbonate and flavor these beverages will damage your teeth and may even weaken your bones. Soft drinks are devoid of any real nutritional content. Even so, they taste great! You are more likely to drink what you like, so if you love soft drinks then they might be a good way to hydrate. The carbohydrates will slow your absorption of water, but they will also provide a quick energy boost. In the long run, they arent good for you, but if hydration is your goal, soft drinks arent a bad choice. Avoid drinks with lots of sugar or caffeine, which will lessen the speed or degree of hydration. Coffee and Tea Coffee and tea can sabotage hydration. Both drinks act as diuretics, meaning they cause your kidneys to pull more water out of your bloodstream even as the digestive system is pulling water into your body. Its a two-steps-forward-one-step-back scenario. If you add milk or sugar, then you reduce the rate of water absorption even further. The bottom line? Save the latte for later. Alcoholic Beverages A beer might be great after the game, as long as you were the spectator and not the athlete. Alcohol dehydrates your body. Alcoholic beverages are better for hydration than, say, seawater, but thats about it. The bottom line: Drink water for maximum hydration, but feel free to mix things up a bit to cater to your personal taste. You will drink more of what you like. In the end, the quantity of liquid is the biggest factor for getting and staying hydrated.

Ancient Egyptian Portraitures Essay - 1672 Words

The popularity of and the fascination with Egyptian Art come from the pyramids, mummies, and hieroglyphs. The theme of the exhibition is about racial types in Ancient Egyptian Art it will survey the various naturalistic facial features found in the non-royal sculptures. In contrast, the Royal portraits are extremely symbolic in representing human figures with the combination of human gods and animal forms that tend to portray idealized, conventional faces of Egypt. Utilizing objects from the permanent collection at the Brooklyn Museum of Art, this exhibit will display 25 portraits of nobleman, officials, and local individuals in order to hint at a variety of racial subdivision such as the Hykos, Nubian, Persian and Roman influence in the†¦show more content†¦The Brooklyn Museums permanent collection contains a large selection of Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art sculptures, or paintings in relief. Many statues are generally idealized and incorporated into animal form, since the intention of Ancient Egyptians was often to illustrate as much of a traditional king as possible. Realistic features had greater possibility in the non-royal portraits than in the one for royal purposes . The assumption that Ancient Egyptian royal portraits were accurate is based loosely on the idea that the artist would demonstrate knowledge of the tradition and consciously take models from the previous rulers to implement into their sculptures . The differences in the depiction of royal and a non-royal portraiture will be prominent by the entrances into the galleries. It will incorporate examples of the Head of a King from the Old Kingdom, Late Period and Ptolemaic Period, to demonstrate resemblances in facial feature that are not highly individualized. In contrast, the selection of objects inside the gallery will suggest portraits of non-royal individuals, a diverse civilization that has been through invasions and marital intermingling of the neighboring countries . The selection of objects for Al-Misr includes sculptures and reliefs. The various materials representing human figures in combination with theShow MoreRelatedThe Amarna Period Of Egypt1812 Words   |  8 Pagesrevolutionary rebellion towards tradition. Egypt is a region bound by its tradition and ritual. Throughout time Egypt has been attached to durable and consistent customs backed by a long and rich history. The Amarna style emerges at a time where the Egyptian people experience great conflict and turmoil. Changes break the back of Egypt for eighteen years of distortion and modification. Around the year 1353 BC Amenhotep IV is crowned in Thebes as successor to the royal throne of Egypt. His brother ThutmoseRead MoreHistory of Portraiture Essay example687 Words   |  3 PagesHistory of Portraiture Portraiture is a visual representation of an individual people, distinguished by references to the subjects character, social position, wealth, or profession. Portraitists often strive for exact visual likenesses. However, although the viewers correct identification of the sitter is of primary importance, exact replication is not always the goal. Artists may intentionally alter the appearance of their subjects by embellishing or refiningRead MoreThe Photographic Portrait Of Art1335 Words   |  6 Pagesis really fixed within portraiture is an endless debate, leaving the viewer with open ended questions rather than a sense of truth and identity portrayed in a photograph. Whether portraits are simply a documentation of someone’s existences and photography’s ability to deliver truths or facts about someone in a portrait? Throughout this essay I will be discussing and debating this idea. Starting with a brief history in portrait representations and identity in art. Portraiture as an art form dates asRead MoreThe Chosen Statue Depicts A Pair Of People944 Words   |  4 Pagesboth are also not resting on any sort of throne or pedestal. In order to better identify the an accurate date and possible civilization in which this object was created, two real life examples can be given to confirm the object’s place in Egyptian history. The first image (Fig. 2) depicts a man and woman, most likely husband and wife, with two smaller figures placed below them. Judging by their scale and identical poses, they are perhaps the children of the couple, as they are carved withoutRead More Ancient Egyptian Greek and Roman Stele Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Egyptian Greek and Roman Stele Just as we use tombstones to mark graves and commemorate our dead, so too did ancient civilizations. One way to do so in the ancient world was through the use of steles. A stele is a stone slab, usually decorated in relief and inscribed, that honored the death of a person. Three of the ancient cultures that had implemented the use of the stele were the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. In comparing an example from each civilization, it is possible to seeRead MoreMorality: Religion and Moral Beliefs Essay examples831 Words   |  4 Pagestoday and also the societies of the past. Morality is influenced by your family, your religion, and your society. We will be looking at Asia, Africa and the Americas and how their morality was affected by family, religion, and the society. In ancient China morality was influence by family, religion, and society, but I believe it was influenced the most by religion and society. China From the early days of the Neolithic villages used the fertile soil from the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers to productRead MoreThe Human Body in Art914 Words   |  4 Pagesthe same, the parts of the body can reveal the discrimination: genitalia, breasts and even hair. The reason why Egyptian art has not changed and looks very similar since 1479 – 1425 BCE up until now is very intentional; they are trying to maintain their cultural tradition in which argues for stability. The Egyptian pharaoh â€Å"Akhenaten’ (Figure 2) is unusual compared to other Egyptian figures, such as the traditional King, which has broad shoulders and muscular body. ‘Akhenaten’ is a lot softer andRead MoreEgypts Greatest Art1676 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing King Senwosret III, who was the fifth pharaoh in the line and is said to have r uled for a period of thirty-seven years from 1878 to 1841 BCE. On a recent trip to the Brooklyn Museum, I was fortunate enough to have the chance to witness some of Ancient Egypt’s greatest artistic feats ranging from stelas to limestone heads. Upon entering the gallery, I was immediately greeted by the seated statue of King Senwosret III. While it is one of the more compact statues of the great king, only standing approximatelyRead MoreRenaissance Influence On The Historical And Social Significance Of Self Portraiture1892 Words   |  8 PagesRenaissance Influence on the Historical and Social Significance of Self-Portraiture During the Renaissance, artists were acquiring status and the technical means to create a new genre of art called self-portraiture (Bond). Portraits are defined as having a likeness of a specific individual (Adams). However, self-portraits do not only have a likeness of the artist but also a sense of psychology that connects the viewer to the artist. This connection gives the self-portrait a depth of complexityRead MoreThe Meaning Of Conceptualization Of Beauty1687 Words   |  7 Pagesto aesthetics in the term highlights the Greek and Roman influence on art, literature, and philosophy in English culture historically. The classics of the ancient world are found idolized and highly esteemed in the British museums as objects of art. Primarily, these consist of Greek and Roman sculptures, vase paintings, and plays from the ancient world that are canonized, as well as Renaissance artworks. Thus, when one popularly hears the phrase â€Å"classic beauty† in contemporary linguistic usage, it

How does Michael Henchard Suggest Lucetta Is Shallow where does she come from Free Essays

Lucetta enters the story when Elizabeth Jane meets her at her mother’s grave. Elizabeth -Jane noticed that it was a lady much more beautifully dressed than she. This mysterious woman disappears in to the distance as Elizabeth goes to confront her. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Michael Henchard Suggest Lucetta Is Shallow where does she come from? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Soon Elizabeth Jane meets Lucetta for the second time, she sits on the bench inside the churchyard. Lucceta asks if Michael is well. She tries to help Elizabeth in her troubles. She soon leaves after she made a proposal about Elizabeth coming to stay with her. Elizabeth accepted the offer and soon she had moved in with Lucetta. The story continues from there. Lucetta’s antics begin at chapter twenty one. She begins to show us how shallow she is when she hears her servant showing a visitor into the room. Lucceta decides to put on a little show for a visitor † she flung herself onto the couch in the cymarecta curve with her arm above her brow.† She puts herself into a curved position to make her self look irresistible to any visitor who may happen to step up to her quarters. It turns out that it is Donald Farfrae and of course lucceta knows how to play him like an instrument. At first she stupidly jumps up in fright and hides behind a curtain because she is so pathetic this is already a good example to show how shallow she is, to take time to beautifully arrange herself and when it comes to it she is startled by the thought of herself being seen when that is what she really wants. She hid behind the curtain † in a freak of timidity†. She seems to have a lot of fun taking farfrae to pieces. She explains to him that he must sit down now that he is here. They start chatting and we gather that Lucetta knows a lot about men in the way that she turned a level headed business man to the colour of â€Å"modest pink†. The impression that we get from the conversation with farfrae is that she loves to play with people and she doesn’t worry about the consequences. At first she is just playing with Donald, then she finds that he has seemed to get the wrong idea out of the act and has fallen in love with her. Still she plays along in the game and entices him even more with lines such as: † you are quite interesting†. From the window Lucetta sees that a young family is being torn apart because the young man is finding it hard to find a job in Casterbridge. â€Å"The girl’s lips quivered† she horrified in the thought. Donald goes to impress Luccetta by giving the men jobs. We can definitely see that he is trying to impress Lucetta because this is something that he would usually do. She explains after that† Lovers ought not to be parted like that. Donald quite agrees and then leaves because he has important work to carry out. How to cite How does Michael Henchard Suggest Lucetta Is Shallow where does she come from?, Papers

International Trade Policy

Question: Write an essay on "International Trade Policy". Answer: Introduction The fundamental purpose of this paper to develop the essay is based on critically investigating the characteristics of the international trade in services by looking at the involvement of General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) framework. The structure is designed by the World Trade Organization (WTO) for regulating the international trade in the service domain. The primary application of GATS leads to the further liberalisation of the trade services associated with the developing countries. The same can be observed by the example of WTO Doha Development Agenda (Bacchetta 2012). This particular fact holds many potential benefits by underpinning the liberalisation of the specific goods involved in the trading process. However, multiple debates have also emerged due to some significant drawbacks that are not covered by the different processes initiated by the international trade in services. These debates primarily suggest that the involvement of GATS to regulate the internationa l trade in services is not fruitful enough to promote the global welfare (Bajec and Eder 2012). On the other hand, one of the major drawbacks is the presence of different barriers in the international trade due to the ineffectiveness in the adjustment of potential costs. By understanding the challenges and benefits, this particular topic is undertaken significantly for the development of this paper. Apart from that, the subject is provided the fundamental importance out of the other policies involved with the international market because of two vital implications of international trade in services to the activities of International Monetary Fund (IMF). These effects are examined to be providing coherence between the three major international economic institutions and organising the different regulatory reforms through the macroeconomic equilibrium. The importance of GATS can be observed in the process of international trade in services, as the factor has evolved for more than two decades in the past to become the most dynamic segment of the world trade (Bowen, Hollander, and Viaene 2012). As compared with the growth of trade in goods, the significant increase in the trade in services can be observed critically. The particular set of preliminary under standing suggests that increasingly important role is played by the transition in the economies, mainly found in the developing countries worldwide. As a result, the scenario leads these countries to increase their shares in the exporting process associated with the services in the international trade over the recent period. Therefore, the principal purpose of this essay is investigating and analysing the validity of the identified debates stating the ineffectiveness of the international rules in promoting the global welfare through the trade in services. To achieve the aim, the critical analysis will be done by considering the relevant theoretical underpinnings in some specific areas driving the formation of a useful conclusion about the chosen topic. Analysis The enforcement of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) designed by the WTO is done in 1995. GATS is composed of the different sets of multilateral rules and guidelines dedicated to governing the international trade in services. The central focus of the proposed agreement can be determined by the investigation, which is based on transferring the responsibilities related to the services of the government-owned suppliers and the private sectors. The overall process aims to increase the potential of the trade in services, which is necessary for the advancement of information and communication technology (Czinkota 2012). With the involvement of GATS, four different methods or modes of supplying the services can be informed, as it dictates that proximity is required between many suppliers and consumers for trading the particular services. Here, it is necessary to mention that the services covered by the agreement are not automatically exposed to the increasing competition in the global trade. In this case, the members of WTO guarantee the access to the particular market belonging from the identified sectors or modes of supply except the specific cases like the schedules of commitments, and limitations in the process of maintenance. It is observed that most favoured nation or MFN is the only obligation imposed in across all the services covered by GATS (Ghori 2012). MFN is considered as the set of principles, which ensures all the suppliers from the different countries are treated in the fair and equal basis. In the case of the service coverings by GATS, it is observed that all the services dedicated to the international trade are covered adequately by the regulation excluding the services that provided within the exercise of the governmental authority. Apart from that, the combination of the air transport services is also excluded from the coverage of GATS. Trading of Services As mentioned earlier that different services are traded in four different modes, which are needed to be analysed and discussed in this section to gain superior knowledge about the chosen topic. First Mode: The first mode is based on transferring of services between two different countries. For an example, the call centre services, which can often be seen integrated amongst the various services provided by a given country. This particular mode is referred as the cross-border trade involving the collaboration of one territory with another. Second Mode: With the help of the second mode, the firms or consumers are allowed to make use of service of another country. The example can be produced by the different instances of international tourism, as the dynamic shift in focus is currently provided by the global trading processes followed by various countries (Guzman and Pauwelyn 2012). This particular mode is defined as the consumption abroad method, where the resident of one country has moved overseas as a patient, student, or tourist to consume the services of such country. Third Mode: The third mode enables the involvement of the foreign companies in the particularly identified industries of another country for supporting the development different branches or subsidiaries to provide services accordingly. The particular example can be seen by the instances of the global banking institutions providing banking services to another country. The third mode is denoted as the commercial presence, as the locally established subsidiary or representative office of the foreign owned and controlled company provides services to the certain country. Fourth Mode: The last mode reflects the potential supports given to the individuals travelling from one country to another for developing and transferring services. For an example, a special IT consultant migrating in another country and providing IT services can be categorised as such type of service contributing to the international trade. This mode is described by the movement of natural persons, where the service providing process makes the foreign national to act as an independent supplier. Based on the different debates, there are various issues involved in the process of trading the services as part of the international market. Regarding commitments made by the WTO, the second mode is known to be the most liberalised method amongst the others (Guzman and Pauwelyn 2012). The particular reason for this fact is caused by the less restriction in the movements of the citizens outside the country by the government. Based on the analysis, it can be further determined that the first mode is not often committed to the trading of services, as the services are required to be supplied remotely. The example of the construction services also falls into the category of the first mood. The result of the analysis further suggests that the third mood is most influential among the other ones to promote the supply of services in the international trading process, as the particular mood is more open (Hamanaka 2013). Therefore, the absolute mode is limited regarding restrictions on transfe rring the improving the capacity of the economies by facilitating the transfer of know-how as part of participating in the global value chains. However, in a case of the last or fourth mode, the less involvement of commitment can be observed, which is caused by the number of sensitivity issues associated with the movement of foreign individuals or workers. In the case of determining the useful contribution of the international trade in services, the necessary comparison of the process naturally come with the amount contributed by the international trade in goods. Based on the record of 2014, it can be acknowledged that the combination of world trade in goods and services contributed USD 4,800 billion, where 21% is funded by the trade in services (Heydon and Woolcock 2012). In this case, the third mode represents the majority of the sum generated by the involvement of international trade in services, which is observed to 55%. Impediments to the International Trade in Services A large number of debates regarding the ineffective design of international trading of services dissatisfying the global economic welfare are produced majorly due to the different issues and weaknesses associated with the process. Based on the characteristics of the services, the application of different kinds of instruments into the trade policies can be observed. The involvement of tariffs or quantitative restrictions can be found to be imposed on the broader context. However, the implication of different types of quantitative restrictions provides lower influences the trade in services, as the result of the process is hindered mainly due to the direct control associated with the market access or the less favourable activities initiated by the foreign service providers than the national providers (Hisali 2012). Apart from the involvement of the foreign service providers weakening the outcomes of international trade in services, the involvement of domestic regulations can reduce the application of international trade regarding services in the particular country. In this particular scenario, the necessary study developed by Stern (2000) provided some useful classifications for categorising the identified barriers. Based on the analysis of such study, it is observed that the obstacles can be distinguished in four different areas. Firstly, the weakness can be seen from the involvement of quantitative restrictions or prohibitions for providing provisions to the services utilised by the foreign residents. Secondly, the outcomes of the international trade from the service context are hampered by the involvement of different taxes and additional charges. To maintain a price-based measure, it is necessary for the imposition of differential taxes on the transactions carried out by the foreign service providers (Hoekman 2012). In the case of the additional charges, these are imposed by the regulatory bodies of the domestic country where the operations of the company are engaged. Therefore, the combination of these factors provides a burden to achieve the positive outcomes by the international trade activities. Thirdly, there is the involvement of different regulatory requirements like certification or licensing of the business related to the service providers, which often observed as highly sophisticated to the development of these professional services. Lastly, lack of access to the communication and distribution networks provides some critical barriers often leading towards the insufficient enforcement to ensure the maintenance of national competition standards. Merits and Demerits caused by the Liberalisation of Services in the International Trade The term liberalisation is significantly entangled with the development of international trade as well as services. The fact supports yielding a substantial amount of benefits from the context of overall growth and welfare. The government or the regulatory body of a country can promote the national welfare by reducing the difference regarding the margin between the domestic and foreign services (Irwin 2012). The process is highly similar to the liberalisation of goods in the international trade. In addition, the benefit can be observed regarding the reduction of taxes in the downstream sectors, as various services are representing the intermediate inputs in the product process of goods or some other services (Lianos and Odudu 2012). For an example, the different exporters involving in the exporting business with many developing countries may experience the higher cost of services mainly due to the extended protection provided to the national cargo and carriers. However, it is observe d that some of the barriers to the services trade are based on the price unlike the case of goods trade. Due to that, the process of liberalisation does not engage with the loss of fiscal revenue. On the other hand, different adverse impacts can be produced by the trade effects, where these cannot influence the small countries (Lipsey 2011). Apart from the identified scenarios, the additional benefits can be extracted from the commitments of different commercial establishments, which have resulted from the movements of various firms or individuals. Considering this particular scenario, different empirical studies have been analysed and reviewed, and it is observed that these benefits from the liberalisation are validated by these studies from the perspective of the developing countries. According to Mattoo et al. (2001), it is suggested that the growth rate representing the telecom and financial sectors expected to increase up to 1.5% due to the significant of the international trade in services. It is determined that the effects of global welfare cause the liberalisation, which eliminated different trade barriers previously hindering the growth of agricultural and manufacturing goods (Lipsey 2010). Considering the pervasive stretch of the services in both the developing and developed countries and the comparatively high presence of trade barriers, the identified benefits are intuitive. Therefore, the benefits related to the welfare can be promoted in the developing countries, which is observed to two or three times larger in p roportion as compared to their national income. In this particular case, it is noted that the applicable benefits are highly achieved by the developing countries than the industrialised countries (Mansfield and Milner 2012). An accurate study developed concerning the general equilibrium model of Tunisia reveals that the gains yielded by liberalising some number of the major service sectors represented 7% of the GDP of the country. On the other hand, debates can be raised from the perspective of risks generated from the further liberalisation of services. One of the key concerns is provided to the capital account liberalisation and its implications related to the commitments. Another important concern is based on the significant effects of poverty. The process of liberalisation drives the exposure of the domestic service market to the foreign completion through the involvement of privatisation. The process naturally raises the price level of different services rather than lowering the same (Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services 2010 (MSITS 2010) 2012). Therefore, it can be observed that liberalising the service sectors in order to promote the international trade in services provides a substantial amount of adverse impacts on the household expenditures. The same can be observed especially in some specific areas like infrastructure or utilities. The market entry of foreign service providers or t he new domestic competitors can have the capability to displace the unskilled labour or the putting the universal provision of the utility services at risk. Therefore, proper strategies should need to be in the right place to mitigate these risks. The careful organizing and pacing of the services liberalisation are one of the active steps required for developing the mitigation strategy (Masudur Rahman and Kim 2012). More clearly, the broader regulatory, social, and financial reformation process are necessary for the service liberalisation. Considering the existing legal framework of the GATS, the increasing concerns are provided to the exposure of individual services to the foreign competition by the multilateral context, and such concerns are addressed by the framework. In the case of GATS, some number of provisions is there to provide reliefs from the adjustment needs followed by the involvement of market liberalisation. In this case, different statistics and reports of WTO confirmed the service industry as the fastest growing area of the global market and economy. The particular industry is accounted for the two-third of global output and one-third of the current global employment by covering around 40% of the overall occupation. According to the estimation of 2013, the significant growth of the world commercial service can be measured at $4.6 trillion and the developed countries are the main participants by consistently engaging in the import and export of services in the international level (Oseni 2013). Concernin g this particular understanding, several debates and arguments were raised regarding the accepted position in the MTS policy, which had left the service industry and international trading processes unregulated prior to 1994. Here, it is ascertained that the dynamic growth in the service economy led the MTS to be opened to the different trade agreements associated with the service industry. On the other hand, the deregulation of capital flows and increasing awareness in the developed economies driving the snowballing competitive advantage are also responsible for the market to become open to the various service trade agreements (Rafiqul Islam, Alam and Mukhopadhaya 2012). Goals and Assumptions of Primary Policies of GATS Goals and Assumptions of Primary Policies of GATS The key policies and guidelines related to GATS are based on achieving the key goal and developing some critical assumption. It is ascertained by the way of discussion that the international trade in services is experiencing some key impediments stemming from the initiatives and approaches of the government and non-government authorities and institutions in the developing and developed economies (Zhang 2012). Therefore, the primary principles of GATS are observed to reduce such barriers with the assumption of extending the maximum possible trade in services similar to the approaches associated with the trade in goods. By disseminating the goals, it can be assumed that the liberalisation of services has provided some benefits to the global economics perspectives. Investigating and determining the factors of such benefit, the underlying interest is provided to the topic. Some of the reasons as identified are the increasing global competitiveness of the international trade, increasing s avings of the customers, and driving faster innovation in the goods and services. Conclusion By looking at the overall analysis and discussion, it is notified that the policies of GATS related to the promotion of international trade in services are stated in a simple fashion favouring the liberalisation of any sectors involving the import and export of services. These segments are allowed to determine the extent and mode of such liberalisation by specifying their exemptions and shaping up their national schedules. In conclusion, the proclaimed objective of GATS is solely dedicated to regulating the trade in services, while fostering the global expansion fairly in the global service industry (Zimmermann 2012). With the help of the transparent set of rules, the procedures of the government and enterprises are provided the proper recourse to eliminate the unfair discrimination in one or the other service sector. References Bacchetta, M. (2012).A practical guide to trade policy analysis. New York: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Bajec, M. and Eder, J. (2012).Advanced information systems engineering workshops. Berlin: Springer. Bowen, H., Hollander, A. and Viaene, J. (2012).Applied international trade. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Czinkota, M. (2012).As I was saying. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Business Expert Press. Ghori, U. (2012).Global textiles and clothing trade. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International. Guzman, A. and Pauwelyn, J. (2012).International trade law. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Guzman, A. and Pauwelyn, J. (2012).International trade law. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Hamanaka, S. (2013). International services trade, domestic regulations and reforms.Jnl Int Trade Law and Policy, 12(3), pp.204-225. Heydon, K. and Woolcock, S. (2012).The Ashgate research companion to international trade policy. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. Hisali, E. (2012). Trade policy reform and international trade tax revenue in Uganda.Economic Modelling, 29(6), pp.2144-2154. Hoekman, B. (2012).The WTO and trade in services. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Irwin, D. (2012).Trade policy disaster. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Lianos, I. and Odudu, O. (2012).Regulating trade in services in the EU and the WTO. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lipsey, R. (2010).FDI, trade in services, and employment and wages in U.S. service industry firms. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs, Office of Trade and Labor Affairs. Lipsey, R. (2011).Trade in services and U.S. service industry employment and wages. [Washington, D.C.]: [U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs]. Mansfield, E. and Milner, H. (2012).Votes, vetoes, and the political economy of international trade agreements. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Manual on statistics of international trade in services 2010 (MSITS 2010). (2012). Geneva: [United Nations]. Masudur Rahman, M. and Kim, C. (2012). Trade and investment potential among BCIM countries: prospects for a dynamic growth quadrangle.Jnl Int Trade Law and Policy, 11(2), pp.163-190. Oseni, U. (2013). Towards restructuring the legal framework for payment system in international Islamic trade finance.Jnl Int Trade Law and Policy, 12(2), pp.108-129. Rafiqul Islam, M., Alam, S. and Mukhopadhaya, P. (2012). Integrating trade in education services between Australia and India.Jnl Int Trade Law and Policy, 11(2), pp.133-147. Zhang, W. (2012).Advanced technology in teaching. Berlin: Springer. Zimmermann, C. (2012). Strengthening the WTO by replacing trade retaliation with stronger informal remedies?.Jnl Int Trade Law and Policy, 11(1), pp.82-102.