Are Sports Drinks Better Than Water for Hydration

What drink is best for getting and staying hydrated during exercise? Should you choose water? Are sports drinks best? What about juice or carbonated soft drinks? Coffee or tea? Beer? Water The natural choice for hydration is water. It hydrates better than any other liquid, both before and during exercise. Water tends to be less expensive and more available than any other drink. You need to drink 4-6 ounces of water for every 15-20 minutes of exercise. That can add up to a lot of water! While some people prefer the taste of water over other drinks, most people find it relatively bland and will stop drinking water before becoming fully hydrated. Water is the best, but it only helps you if you drink it. Sports Drinks Sports drinks dont hydrate better than water, but you are more likely to drink larger volumes, which leads to better hydration. The typical sweet-tart taste combination doesnt quench thirst, so you will keep drinking a sports drink long after water has lost its appeal. An attractive array of colors and flavors are available. You can get a carbohydrate boost from sports drinks, in addition to electrolytes which may be lost from perspiration, but these drinks tend to offer lower calories than juice or soft drinks. Juice Juice may be nutritious, but it isnt the best choice for hydration. The fructose, or fruit sugar, reduces the rate of water absorption so cells dont get hydrated very quickly. Juice is a food in its own right and its uncommon for a person to drink sufficient quantities to keep hydrated. Juice has carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes, but it isnt a great thirst quencher. Carbonated Soft Drinks When you get right down to it, the colas and noncolas of the world arent good for the body. The acids used to carbonate and flavor these beverages will damage your teeth and may even weaken your bones. Soft drinks are devoid of any real nutritional content. Even so, they taste great! You are more likely to drink what you like, so if you love soft drinks then they might be a good way to hydrate. The carbohydrates will slow your absorption of water, but they will also provide a quick energy boost. In the long run, they arent good for you, but if hydration is your goal, soft drinks arent a bad choice. Avoid drinks with lots of sugar or caffeine, which will lessen the speed or degree of hydration. Coffee and Tea Coffee and tea can sabotage hydration. Both drinks act as diuretics, meaning they cause your kidneys to pull more water out of your bloodstream even as the digestive system is pulling water into your body. Its a two-steps-forward-one-step-back scenario. If you add milk or sugar, then you reduce the rate of water absorption even further. The bottom line? Save the latte for later. Alcoholic Beverages A beer might be great after the game, as long as you were the spectator and not the athlete. Alcohol dehydrates your body. Alcoholic beverages are better for hydration than, say, seawater, but thats about it. The bottom line: Drink water for maximum hydration, but feel free to mix things up a bit to cater to your personal taste. You will drink more of what you like. In the end, the quantity of liquid is the biggest factor for getting and staying hydrated.

Ancient Egyptian Portraitures Essay - 1672 Words

The popularity of and the fascination with Egyptian Art come from the pyramids, mummies, and hieroglyphs. The theme of the exhibition is about racial types in Ancient Egyptian Art it will survey the various naturalistic facial features found in the non-royal sculptures. In contrast, the Royal portraits are extremely symbolic in representing human figures with the combination of human gods and animal forms that tend to portray idealized, conventional faces of Egypt. Utilizing objects from the permanent collection at the Brooklyn Museum of Art, this exhibit will display 25 portraits of nobleman, officials, and local individuals in order to hint at a variety of racial subdivision such as the Hykos, Nubian, Persian and Roman influence in the†¦show more content†¦The Brooklyn Museums permanent collection contains a large selection of Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art sculptures, or paintings in relief. Many statues are generally idealized and incorporated into animal form, since the intention of Ancient Egyptians was often to illustrate as much of a traditional king as possible. Realistic features had greater possibility in the non-royal portraits than in the one for royal purposes . The assumption that Ancient Egyptian royal portraits were accurate is based loosely on the idea that the artist would demonstrate knowledge of the tradition and consciously take models from the previous rulers to implement into their sculptures . The differences in the depiction of royal and a non-royal portraiture will be prominent by the entrances into the galleries. It will incorporate examples of the Head of a King from the Old Kingdom, Late Period and Ptolemaic Period, to demonstrate resemblances in facial feature that are not highly individualized. In contrast, the selection of objects inside the gallery will suggest portraits of non-royal individuals, a diverse civilization that has been through invasions and marital intermingling of the neighboring countries . The selection of objects for Al-Misr includes sculptures and reliefs. The various materials representing human figures in combination with theShow MoreRelatedThe Amarna Period Of Egypt1812 Words   |  8 Pagesrevolutionary rebellion towards tradition. Egypt is a region bound by its tradition and ritual. Throughout time Egypt has been attached to durable and consistent customs backed by a long and rich history. The Amarna style emerges at a time where the Egyptian people experience great conflict and turmoil. Changes break the back of Egypt for eighteen years of distortion and modification. Around the year 1353 BC Amenhotep IV is crowned in Thebes as successor to the royal throne of Egypt. His brother ThutmoseRead MoreHistory of Portraiture Essay example687 Words   |  3 PagesHistory of Portraiture Portraiture is a visual representation of an individual people, distinguished by references to the subjects character, social position, wealth, or profession. Portraitists often strive for exact visual likenesses. However, although the viewers correct identification of the sitter is of primary importance, exact replication is not always the goal. Artists may intentionally alter the appearance of their subjects by embellishing or refiningRead MoreThe Photographic Portrait Of Art1335 Words   |  6 Pagesis really fixed within portraiture is an endless debate, leaving the viewer with open ended questions rather than a sense of truth and identity portrayed in a photograph. Whether portraits are simply a documentation of someone’s existences and photography’s ability to deliver truths or facts about someone in a portrait? Throughout this essay I will be discussing and debating this idea. Starting with a brief history in portrait representations and identity in art. Portraiture as an art form dates asRead MoreThe Chosen Statue Depicts A Pair Of People944 Words   |  4 Pagesboth are also not resting on any sort of throne or pedestal. In order to better identify the an accurate date and possible civilization in which this object was created, two real life examples can be given to confirm the object’s place in Egyptian history. The first image (Fig. 2) depicts a man and woman, most likely husband and wife, with two smaller figures placed below them. Judging by their scale and identical poses, they are perhaps the children of the couple, as they are carved withoutRead More Ancient Egyptian Greek and Roman Stele Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Egyptian Greek and Roman Stele Just as we use tombstones to mark graves and commemorate our dead, so too did ancient civilizations. One way to do so in the ancient world was through the use of steles. A stele is a stone slab, usually decorated in relief and inscribed, that honored the death of a person. Three of the ancient cultures that had implemented the use of the stele were the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. In comparing an example from each civilization, it is possible to seeRead MoreMorality: Religion and Moral Beliefs Essay examples831 Words   |  4 Pagestoday and also the societies of the past. Morality is influenced by your family, your religion, and your society. We will be looking at Asia, Africa and the Americas and how their morality was affected by family, religion, and the society. In ancient China morality was influence by family, religion, and society, but I believe it was influenced the most by religion and society. China From the early days of the Neolithic villages used the fertile soil from the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers to productRead MoreThe Human Body in Art914 Words   |  4 Pagesthe same, the parts of the body can reveal the discrimination: genitalia, breasts and even hair. The reason why Egyptian art has not changed and looks very similar since 1479 – 1425 BCE up until now is very intentional; they are trying to maintain their cultural tradition in which argues for stability. The Egyptian pharaoh â€Å"Akhenaten’ (Figure 2) is unusual compared to other Egyptian figures, such as the traditional King, which has broad shoulders and muscular body. ‘Akhenaten’ is a lot softer andRead MoreEgypts Greatest Art1676 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing King Senwosret III, who was the fifth pharaoh in the line and is said to have r uled for a period of thirty-seven years from 1878 to 1841 BCE. On a recent trip to the Brooklyn Museum, I was fortunate enough to have the chance to witness some of Ancient Egypt’s greatest artistic feats ranging from stelas to limestone heads. Upon entering the gallery, I was immediately greeted by the seated statue of King Senwosret III. While it is one of the more compact statues of the great king, only standing approximatelyRead MoreRenaissance Influence On The Historical And Social Significance Of Self Portraiture1892 Words   |  8 PagesRenaissance Influence on the Historical and Social Significance of Self-Portraiture During the Renaissance, artists were acquiring status and the technical means to create a new genre of art called self-portraiture (Bond). Portraits are defined as having a likeness of a specific individual (Adams). However, self-portraits do not only have a likeness of the artist but also a sense of psychology that connects the viewer to the artist. This connection gives the self-portrait a depth of complexityRead MoreThe Meaning Of Conceptualization Of Beauty1687 Words   |  7 Pagesto aesthetics in the term highlights the Greek and Roman influence on art, literature, and philosophy in English culture historically. The classics of the ancient world are found idolized and highly esteemed in the British museums as objects of art. Primarily, these consist of Greek and Roman sculptures, vase paintings, and plays from the ancient world that are canonized, as well as Renaissance artworks. Thus, when one popularly hears the phrase â€Å"classic beauty† in contemporary linguistic usage, it

How does Michael Henchard Suggest Lucetta Is Shallow where does she come from Free Essays

Lucetta enters the story when Elizabeth Jane meets her at her mother’s grave. Elizabeth -Jane noticed that it was a lady much more beautifully dressed than she. This mysterious woman disappears in to the distance as Elizabeth goes to confront her. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Michael Henchard Suggest Lucetta Is Shallow where does she come from? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Soon Elizabeth Jane meets Lucetta for the second time, she sits on the bench inside the churchyard. Lucceta asks if Michael is well. She tries to help Elizabeth in her troubles. She soon leaves after she made a proposal about Elizabeth coming to stay with her. Elizabeth accepted the offer and soon she had moved in with Lucetta. The story continues from there. Lucetta’s antics begin at chapter twenty one. She begins to show us how shallow she is when she hears her servant showing a visitor into the room. Lucceta decides to put on a little show for a visitor † she flung herself onto the couch in the cymarecta curve with her arm above her brow.† She puts herself into a curved position to make her self look irresistible to any visitor who may happen to step up to her quarters. It turns out that it is Donald Farfrae and of course lucceta knows how to play him like an instrument. At first she stupidly jumps up in fright and hides behind a curtain because she is so pathetic this is already a good example to show how shallow she is, to take time to beautifully arrange herself and when it comes to it she is startled by the thought of herself being seen when that is what she really wants. She hid behind the curtain † in a freak of timidity†. She seems to have a lot of fun taking farfrae to pieces. She explains to him that he must sit down now that he is here. They start chatting and we gather that Lucetta knows a lot about men in the way that she turned a level headed business man to the colour of â€Å"modest pink†. The impression that we get from the conversation with farfrae is that she loves to play with people and she doesn’t worry about the consequences. At first she is just playing with Donald, then she finds that he has seemed to get the wrong idea out of the act and has fallen in love with her. Still she plays along in the game and entices him even more with lines such as: † you are quite interesting†. From the window Lucetta sees that a young family is being torn apart because the young man is finding it hard to find a job in Casterbridge. â€Å"The girl’s lips quivered† she horrified in the thought. Donald goes to impress Luccetta by giving the men jobs. We can definitely see that he is trying to impress Lucetta because this is something that he would usually do. She explains after that† Lovers ought not to be parted like that. Donald quite agrees and then leaves because he has important work to carry out. How to cite How does Michael Henchard Suggest Lucetta Is Shallow where does she come from?, Papers

International Trade Policy

Question: Write an essay on "International Trade Policy". Answer: Introduction The fundamental purpose of this paper to develop the essay is based on critically investigating the characteristics of the international trade in services by looking at the involvement of General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) framework. The structure is designed by the World Trade Organization (WTO) for regulating the international trade in the service domain. The primary application of GATS leads to the further liberalisation of the trade services associated with the developing countries. The same can be observed by the example of WTO Doha Development Agenda (Bacchetta 2012). This particular fact holds many potential benefits by underpinning the liberalisation of the specific goods involved in the trading process. However, multiple debates have also emerged due to some significant drawbacks that are not covered by the different processes initiated by the international trade in services. These debates primarily suggest that the involvement of GATS to regulate the internationa l trade in services is not fruitful enough to promote the global welfare (Bajec and Eder 2012). On the other hand, one of the major drawbacks is the presence of different barriers in the international trade due to the ineffectiveness in the adjustment of potential costs. By understanding the challenges and benefits, this particular topic is undertaken significantly for the development of this paper. Apart from that, the subject is provided the fundamental importance out of the other policies involved with the international market because of two vital implications of international trade in services to the activities of International Monetary Fund (IMF). These effects are examined to be providing coherence between the three major international economic institutions and organising the different regulatory reforms through the macroeconomic equilibrium. The importance of GATS can be observed in the process of international trade in services, as the factor has evolved for more than two decades in the past to become the most dynamic segment of the world trade (Bowen, Hollander, and Viaene 2012). As compared with the growth of trade in goods, the significant increase in the trade in services can be observed critically. The particular set of preliminary under standing suggests that increasingly important role is played by the transition in the economies, mainly found in the developing countries worldwide. As a result, the scenario leads these countries to increase their shares in the exporting process associated with the services in the international trade over the recent period. Therefore, the principal purpose of this essay is investigating and analysing the validity of the identified debates stating the ineffectiveness of the international rules in promoting the global welfare through the trade in services. To achieve the aim, the critical analysis will be done by considering the relevant theoretical underpinnings in some specific areas driving the formation of a useful conclusion about the chosen topic. Analysis The enforcement of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) designed by the WTO is done in 1995. GATS is composed of the different sets of multilateral rules and guidelines dedicated to governing the international trade in services. The central focus of the proposed agreement can be determined by the investigation, which is based on transferring the responsibilities related to the services of the government-owned suppliers and the private sectors. The overall process aims to increase the potential of the trade in services, which is necessary for the advancement of information and communication technology (Czinkota 2012). With the involvement of GATS, four different methods or modes of supplying the services can be informed, as it dictates that proximity is required between many suppliers and consumers for trading the particular services. Here, it is necessary to mention that the services covered by the agreement are not automatically exposed to the increasing competition in the global trade. In this case, the members of WTO guarantee the access to the particular market belonging from the identified sectors or modes of supply except the specific cases like the schedules of commitments, and limitations in the process of maintenance. It is observed that most favoured nation or MFN is the only obligation imposed in across all the services covered by GATS (Ghori 2012). MFN is considered as the set of principles, which ensures all the suppliers from the different countries are treated in the fair and equal basis. In the case of the service coverings by GATS, it is observed that all the services dedicated to the international trade are covered adequately by the regulation excluding the services that provided within the exercise of the governmental authority. Apart from that, the combination of the air transport services is also excluded from the coverage of GATS. Trading of Services As mentioned earlier that different services are traded in four different modes, which are needed to be analysed and discussed in this section to gain superior knowledge about the chosen topic. First Mode: The first mode is based on transferring of services between two different countries. For an example, the call centre services, which can often be seen integrated amongst the various services provided by a given country. This particular mode is referred as the cross-border trade involving the collaboration of one territory with another. Second Mode: With the help of the second mode, the firms or consumers are allowed to make use of service of another country. The example can be produced by the different instances of international tourism, as the dynamic shift in focus is currently provided by the global trading processes followed by various countries (Guzman and Pauwelyn 2012). This particular mode is defined as the consumption abroad method, where the resident of one country has moved overseas as a patient, student, or tourist to consume the services of such country. Third Mode: The third mode enables the involvement of the foreign companies in the particularly identified industries of another country for supporting the development different branches or subsidiaries to provide services accordingly. The particular example can be seen by the instances of the global banking institutions providing banking services to another country. The third mode is denoted as the commercial presence, as the locally established subsidiary or representative office of the foreign owned and controlled company provides services to the certain country. Fourth Mode: The last mode reflects the potential supports given to the individuals travelling from one country to another for developing and transferring services. For an example, a special IT consultant migrating in another country and providing IT services can be categorised as such type of service contributing to the international trade. This mode is described by the movement of natural persons, where the service providing process makes the foreign national to act as an independent supplier. Based on the different debates, there are various issues involved in the process of trading the services as part of the international market. Regarding commitments made by the WTO, the second mode is known to be the most liberalised method amongst the others (Guzman and Pauwelyn 2012). The particular reason for this fact is caused by the less restriction in the movements of the citizens outside the country by the government. Based on the analysis, it can be further determined that the first mode is not often committed to the trading of services, as the services are required to be supplied remotely. The example of the construction services also falls into the category of the first mood. The result of the analysis further suggests that the third mood is most influential among the other ones to promote the supply of services in the international trading process, as the particular mood is more open (Hamanaka 2013). Therefore, the absolute mode is limited regarding restrictions on transfe rring the improving the capacity of the economies by facilitating the transfer of know-how as part of participating in the global value chains. However, in a case of the last or fourth mode, the less involvement of commitment can be observed, which is caused by the number of sensitivity issues associated with the movement of foreign individuals or workers. In the case of determining the useful contribution of the international trade in services, the necessary comparison of the process naturally come with the amount contributed by the international trade in goods. Based on the record of 2014, it can be acknowledged that the combination of world trade in goods and services contributed USD 4,800 billion, where 21% is funded by the trade in services (Heydon and Woolcock 2012). In this case, the third mode represents the majority of the sum generated by the involvement of international trade in services, which is observed to 55%. Impediments to the International Trade in Services A large number of debates regarding the ineffective design of international trading of services dissatisfying the global economic welfare are produced majorly due to the different issues and weaknesses associated with the process. Based on the characteristics of the services, the application of different kinds of instruments into the trade policies can be observed. The involvement of tariffs or quantitative restrictions can be found to be imposed on the broader context. However, the implication of different types of quantitative restrictions provides lower influences the trade in services, as the result of the process is hindered mainly due to the direct control associated with the market access or the less favourable activities initiated by the foreign service providers than the national providers (Hisali 2012). Apart from the involvement of the foreign service providers weakening the outcomes of international trade in services, the involvement of domestic regulations can reduce the application of international trade regarding services in the particular country. In this particular scenario, the necessary study developed by Stern (2000) provided some useful classifications for categorising the identified barriers. Based on the analysis of such study, it is observed that the obstacles can be distinguished in four different areas. Firstly, the weakness can be seen from the involvement of quantitative restrictions or prohibitions for providing provisions to the services utilised by the foreign residents. Secondly, the outcomes of the international trade from the service context are hampered by the involvement of different taxes and additional charges. To maintain a price-based measure, it is necessary for the imposition of differential taxes on the transactions carried out by the foreign service providers (Hoekman 2012). In the case of the additional charges, these are imposed by the regulatory bodies of the domestic country where the operations of the company are engaged. Therefore, the combination of these factors provides a burden to achieve the positive outcomes by the international trade activities. Thirdly, there is the involvement of different regulatory requirements like certification or licensing of the business related to the service providers, which often observed as highly sophisticated to the development of these professional services. Lastly, lack of access to the communication and distribution networks provides some critical barriers often leading towards the insufficient enforcement to ensure the maintenance of national competition standards. Merits and Demerits caused by the Liberalisation of Services in the International Trade The term liberalisation is significantly entangled with the development of international trade as well as services. The fact supports yielding a substantial amount of benefits from the context of overall growth and welfare. The government or the regulatory body of a country can promote the national welfare by reducing the difference regarding the margin between the domestic and foreign services (Irwin 2012). The process is highly similar to the liberalisation of goods in the international trade. In addition, the benefit can be observed regarding the reduction of taxes in the downstream sectors, as various services are representing the intermediate inputs in the product process of goods or some other services (Lianos and Odudu 2012). For an example, the different exporters involving in the exporting business with many developing countries may experience the higher cost of services mainly due to the extended protection provided to the national cargo and carriers. However, it is observe d that some of the barriers to the services trade are based on the price unlike the case of goods trade. Due to that, the process of liberalisation does not engage with the loss of fiscal revenue. On the other hand, different adverse impacts can be produced by the trade effects, where these cannot influence the small countries (Lipsey 2011). Apart from the identified scenarios, the additional benefits can be extracted from the commitments of different commercial establishments, which have resulted from the movements of various firms or individuals. Considering this particular scenario, different empirical studies have been analysed and reviewed, and it is observed that these benefits from the liberalisation are validated by these studies from the perspective of the developing countries. According to Mattoo et al. (2001), it is suggested that the growth rate representing the telecom and financial sectors expected to increase up to 1.5% due to the significant of the international trade in services. It is determined that the effects of global welfare cause the liberalisation, which eliminated different trade barriers previously hindering the growth of agricultural and manufacturing goods (Lipsey 2010). Considering the pervasive stretch of the services in both the developing and developed countries and the comparatively high presence of trade barriers, the identified benefits are intuitive. Therefore, the benefits related to the welfare can be promoted in the developing countries, which is observed to two or three times larger in p roportion as compared to their national income. In this particular case, it is noted that the applicable benefits are highly achieved by the developing countries than the industrialised countries (Mansfield and Milner 2012). An accurate study developed concerning the general equilibrium model of Tunisia reveals that the gains yielded by liberalising some number of the major service sectors represented 7% of the GDP of the country. On the other hand, debates can be raised from the perspective of risks generated from the further liberalisation of services. One of the key concerns is provided to the capital account liberalisation and its implications related to the commitments. Another important concern is based on the significant effects of poverty. The process of liberalisation drives the exposure of the domestic service market to the foreign completion through the involvement of privatisation. The process naturally raises the price level of different services rather than lowering the same (Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services 2010 (MSITS 2010) 2012). Therefore, it can be observed that liberalising the service sectors in order to promote the international trade in services provides a substantial amount of adverse impacts on the household expenditures. The same can be observed especially in some specific areas like infrastructure or utilities. The market entry of foreign service providers or t he new domestic competitors can have the capability to displace the unskilled labour or the putting the universal provision of the utility services at risk. Therefore, proper strategies should need to be in the right place to mitigate these risks. The careful organizing and pacing of the services liberalisation are one of the active steps required for developing the mitigation strategy (Masudur Rahman and Kim 2012). More clearly, the broader regulatory, social, and financial reformation process are necessary for the service liberalisation. Considering the existing legal framework of the GATS, the increasing concerns are provided to the exposure of individual services to the foreign competition by the multilateral context, and such concerns are addressed by the framework. In the case of GATS, some number of provisions is there to provide reliefs from the adjustment needs followed by the involvement of market liberalisation. In this case, different statistics and reports of WTO confirmed the service industry as the fastest growing area of the global market and economy. The particular industry is accounted for the two-third of global output and one-third of the current global employment by covering around 40% of the overall occupation. According to the estimation of 2013, the significant growth of the world commercial service can be measured at $4.6 trillion and the developed countries are the main participants by consistently engaging in the import and export of services in the international level (Oseni 2013). Concernin g this particular understanding, several debates and arguments were raised regarding the accepted position in the MTS policy, which had left the service industry and international trading processes unregulated prior to 1994. Here, it is ascertained that the dynamic growth in the service economy led the MTS to be opened to the different trade agreements associated with the service industry. On the other hand, the deregulation of capital flows and increasing awareness in the developed economies driving the snowballing competitive advantage are also responsible for the market to become open to the various service trade agreements (Rafiqul Islam, Alam and Mukhopadhaya 2012). Goals and Assumptions of Primary Policies of GATS Goals and Assumptions of Primary Policies of GATS The key policies and guidelines related to GATS are based on achieving the key goal and developing some critical assumption. It is ascertained by the way of discussion that the international trade in services is experiencing some key impediments stemming from the initiatives and approaches of the government and non-government authorities and institutions in the developing and developed economies (Zhang 2012). Therefore, the primary principles of GATS are observed to reduce such barriers with the assumption of extending the maximum possible trade in services similar to the approaches associated with the trade in goods. By disseminating the goals, it can be assumed that the liberalisation of services has provided some benefits to the global economics perspectives. Investigating and determining the factors of such benefit, the underlying interest is provided to the topic. Some of the reasons as identified are the increasing global competitiveness of the international trade, increasing s avings of the customers, and driving faster innovation in the goods and services. Conclusion By looking at the overall analysis and discussion, it is notified that the policies of GATS related to the promotion of international trade in services are stated in a simple fashion favouring the liberalisation of any sectors involving the import and export of services. These segments are allowed to determine the extent and mode of such liberalisation by specifying their exemptions and shaping up their national schedules. In conclusion, the proclaimed objective of GATS is solely dedicated to regulating the trade in services, while fostering the global expansion fairly in the global service industry (Zimmermann 2012). With the help of the transparent set of rules, the procedures of the government and enterprises are provided the proper recourse to eliminate the unfair discrimination in one or the other service sector. References Bacchetta, M. (2012).A practical guide to trade policy analysis. New York: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Bajec, M. and Eder, J. (2012).Advanced information systems engineering workshops. Berlin: Springer. Bowen, H., Hollander, A. and Viaene, J. (2012).Applied international trade. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Czinkota, M. (2012).As I was saying. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Business Expert Press. Ghori, U. (2012).Global textiles and clothing trade. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International. Guzman, A. and Pauwelyn, J. (2012).International trade law. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Guzman, A. and Pauwelyn, J. (2012).International trade law. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Hamanaka, S. (2013). International services trade, domestic regulations and reforms.Jnl Int Trade Law and Policy, 12(3), pp.204-225. Heydon, K. and Woolcock, S. (2012).The Ashgate research companion to international trade policy. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. Hisali, E. (2012). Trade policy reform and international trade tax revenue in Uganda.Economic Modelling, 29(6), pp.2144-2154. Hoekman, B. (2012).The WTO and trade in services. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Irwin, D. (2012).Trade policy disaster. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Lianos, I. and Odudu, O. (2012).Regulating trade in services in the EU and the WTO. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lipsey, R. (2010).FDI, trade in services, and employment and wages in U.S. service industry firms. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs, Office of Trade and Labor Affairs. Lipsey, R. (2011).Trade in services and U.S. service industry employment and wages. [Washington, D.C.]: [U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs]. Mansfield, E. and Milner, H. (2012).Votes, vetoes, and the political economy of international trade agreements. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Manual on statistics of international trade in services 2010 (MSITS 2010). (2012). Geneva: [United Nations]. Masudur Rahman, M. and Kim, C. (2012). Trade and investment potential among BCIM countries: prospects for a dynamic growth quadrangle.Jnl Int Trade Law and Policy, 11(2), pp.163-190. Oseni, U. (2013). Towards restructuring the legal framework for payment system in international Islamic trade finance.Jnl Int Trade Law and Policy, 12(2), pp.108-129. Rafiqul Islam, M., Alam, S. and Mukhopadhaya, P. (2012). Integrating trade in education services between Australia and India.Jnl Int Trade Law and Policy, 11(2), pp.133-147. Zhang, W. (2012).Advanced technology in teaching. Berlin: Springer. Zimmermann, C. (2012). Strengthening the WTO by replacing trade retaliation with stronger informal remedies?.Jnl Int Trade Law and Policy, 11(1), pp.82-102.

Stereotypes Essays - Stereotypes, Social Psychology, Discrimination

Stereotypes Stereotypes are the organizational factors that virtually shape the way we think in 20th century America. They somehow manage to categorize some of life's most complex matters into nice distinct sections. Classifications and organization, at first glance seem to be useful in distinguishing various aspects of modern life. However, these grouping methods can be very inaccurate, leaving erroneous ideas in the minds of citizens on a global level. Stereotypes, though originating as convenient sorting mechanisms, instead, influence our thinking process. By instituting broad categories, establishing virtually immovable terms, and, often, being mistakenly identified as facts, stereotypes affect the mental process of humans. Originally used as an organizational tool, stereotypes were simply broad generalizations about subject matters. These ideas weren't necessarily meant to cause the feelings of anger that they do today, but to classify ideas. However, possibly the most apparent problem with stereotypes is that the sort very intricate subject matter into large, broad categories. For example, human beings are too complex to use generalizations like, ?all blondes are dumb? or ?all smart people are nerds.? Stereotypes use wide terms, to simplify subject matter, but this attempt often ends in an inaccurate result. Despite their wide generalizations, stereotypes establish virtually immovable terms. For example, Third World countries were hastily grouped together not because of social or economic similarities, but out of convenience. Since that time, the industrialized nations have harbored this stereotype that the third world is land of starving children and savage tribes. Despite decades of vast improvement, this stereotype remains unchanged. This rigid stereotype has caused many citizens to embrace a false view of the Third World nations and its citizens. Stereotypes, clearly, should not be mistaken for factual information. Although there may be a certain amount of truth to the statement, the generalization is often inaccurate. Unfortunately, many people believe this information to be not only truthful, but factual. Since most Americans have not visited a Third World country, they believe many misconceptions to be true. In reality, these stereotypes are often wrong. They may apply in some instances, but they should not be considered factual. Through establishing broad categories, creating immovable terms, and being mistakenly identified as facts, stereotypes often place inaccurate ideas in the people's minds. They have a huge impact on the thought process and ideas. As increasingly more and more people become aware of this error, many of the stereotypes we now embrace will become obsolete. Works Consulted Lane, Charles. ?Let's Abolish the Third World.? Thinking Globally. Andrew E. Robson. McGraw-Hill: United States of America, 1997. 155 ? 160.

Civil Right Movement essays

Civil Right Movement essays The Civil Rights Movement grew out of a need to gain enfranchisement for African Americans. Between the years1954 and 1959, African American had it the worst out of all of the people who lived in the United States of America. Extreme racism and lynching was popular to the white people who dislike or saw the African Americans as an inferior race. People in the past were the type that would put up blunt objects and throw or strike an African American who would be usually blamed for anything that has happen within the town or city which that person lives in. Back then African American only had only a few leaders that would stand up to the hate, racism, and violence that would occur around African American's culture. A couple of those people were Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Thurgood Marshall. Rules and regulations were in order as well due to Jim Crow and the trail, which lead to the Jim Crow laws (the separation of blacks and white in the everyday public). Such as the restroom, hotel , restaurants, water fountains, and many others. The scopes that I see that was revolving around the Civil Right Movement are the causes that started it all, the people who helped one another, the events that took place, and the effect on society itself. The Jim Crow was just a basic title that stood for laws aimed at separating the races. The laws forbade marriage between blacks and whites and set up many other restrictions on social and religious contact between the races. There was separate schools, as well as separate streetcars, etc. They pretty much had signs that separated the people. By the early 1900's, Jim Crow described a far-reaching; institutional segregated that affected every aspect of American life. And in South Carolina black and white cotton-mill workers were prohibited from looking out the same window. During the segregation system many African-American tried to move to the north but for some it was hard to make money that would take...

Business Management Expanding Product Overseas Essay

Business Management Expanding Product Overseas - Essay Example The gradual elimination of barriers to the flow of goods, services, and investment, coupled with strong protection of intellectual property rights. Also, "The United States is the largest source of FDI in Mexico, accounting for 65% of total FDI in 2003" (Villarreal, 2005). In spite of the fact that Mexico's GDP in 2004 was $677 billion, the country has a stable political situation and high rates of economic growth. Economic trends and analysis (Villarreal, 2005) show that Mexico proposes great opportunities for the company and can be valued as potential market for this type of equipment. Marketing mix (4 Ps) will be based on the following objectives for the company in Mexico: to initiate co-operative marketing with medical centers and hospitals in the big cities around the country. Product: It combines an insulin pump with a glucose monitor and facilitates data interchange between the two. The use of the integrated system is expected to make it more convenient for people to manage their diabetes. The device does not require a battery, With no wires across the skin, there is no deterioration of the skin surface or other areas inside the skin and no danger of track infection. Place: The products will be delivered by trucks because this is the most economizing way for the company to deliver the goods. There are no transit points needed. The shipping will be 4 times a month. The products will be packed in the USA including an instruction on the Spanish language. Outside resources and customs brokers will be unnecessary as the company covers all the areas of delivery. Th e company will be one of the largest medical equipment companies in Mexico, and its approach of mainly independent distributors would continue to serve it well against other large rivals. Promotion: Advertising messages will be designed to communicate with potential consumers in different regions. Also, it will involve both on-line and offline advertising. The core of promotion will be personal selling and direct marketing. Applied to the device for diabetics, direct marketing refers to consumers being able to order products from their home. Direct marketing will involve a number of different methods which can be used in order to reach, communicate, interest and encourage consumers to buy (Fill, 1999). The main difference from competitors' products is that 'device' is easy to use; it has a smaller size and lower cost while keeping all the basic characteristics of similar products. The basic advantage of this product is absence of seasonality in purchases, which allows the company to calculate revenue growth and the degree of market penetration. In the USA, the company uses similar strategies to reach the target market and increase sales. In the USA, direct mail involves the posting of promotional literature, designed to sell a product or service direct to a potential customer's home and hospitals. In Mexico, direct mail (mainly to hospitals and medical centers) will help the company to reach a widely dispersed target market. A Pricing

Children Behavior Worse Than 10 Years Ago Assignment

Children Behavior Worse Than 10 Years Ago - Assignment Example Children Behavior Worse Than 10 Years Ago Here, we will talk about social behavior with special reference to children. It is obvious that nowadays a child’s behavior is worse than ten years ago. There is susceptibility that children are becoming more violent than ever before. The media shows extensive reports of children taking drugs and showing explicitly violent behavior. Where girls are indulging in premarital sex at a very early age (cause illegal abortions and increased rate of deaths). Children have less disciplined than the older times. There are many reasons for this turn down in children discipline, one of the most important and might even be the root cause of all the others is negligence and carelessness from parents’ side. Parental negligence has increased the risks of destructive factors, which have as a result damaged children’s sense of ethics, morality, and discipline. The other reasons include: Firstly, Parents are not being able to carryout their responsibilities for taking care of their children, parents criticize the importance of the family as the main source of the children’s primary socialization. Whereas the Sociologists agree that behavior can be learnt through a process called socialization (Schultz, 2012).There are two types of socialization. Primary and secondary, Primary socialization is quite different from secondary socialization, it occurs during the initial stages of development of a child. (Schultz, 2012). The child learns from his environment and surroundings in this stage. In this process child learns the kind of behavior that stimulates the approval or disapproval from the people around them that is mostly instant family unit. (Schultz, 2012). So, it is therefore important for a child to learn and adapt the right things, likely from their family members (Richardson, 2005). Unfortunately, parents are there to accomplish this important process. (Schultz, 2012). Furthermore, it is very common in U.S. that children faced the breakup of their p arents in childhood and brought up in broken families; they have passed through intense depressions and tensions of living apart from their parents (Schultz, 2012). In addition, even if parents keep their children with them, they have not heeded proper attention and guidance on them, which is very important. Secondly, Parents do not prepare their children on how to cope with the manners in which society asks and demands today. They do not teach them moral and social ethics. They leave them to learn by their own, either from the media or from internet. That is why, it is considered to be essential for â€Å"personal independence† which has become widespread in the public area. And experts emphasize that these behaviors are, to some extent, a â€Å"reflection of their own changing perspective of authority and authority figures† .Infect the way in which people have asked the motives of the people belonging to different fields e.g. lawyers, doctors, politicians has been so exceptional when compared to the way parents have done ten or some years ago . The Generation Y wishes to be taught on how to be â€Å"Generation Why?† without being discourteous (Children, n.d). Thirdly, the schools which, also play a vital role in children’ development. Parents put in their trust and give the responsibility of fostering their children, have done nothing but to increased the children’s rational insight (Schultz, 2012). Since the schools are not being able at forming the children’

Sociology Character Analysis of Sex and the City Term Paper

Sociology Character Analysis of Sex and the City - Term Paper Example She is known for her distinct fashion sense particularly in footwear which is conspicuous in season four where she is invited to be a part of a New York fashion show. She stays in an apartment and works on her PowerBook where she writes newspaper articles discussing the different aspects of a relationship. In subsequent seasons of the show, she comes up with a collection of her essays as a book and commences taking assignments from Vogue which is a New York Magazine. The show portrays her as a home-person, proud of her one-bedroom in a rent-disciplined apartment which is in an Upper East Side brownstone. Though she has always been in long-term relationships with her boyfriends, she is entangled with a character called Mr. Big, played by Chris Noth who deciphers a complicated and multi-faceted on an off relationship. Carrie Bradshaw seems like a sexually liberated woman and a glamorous exemplar of modern femininity. She is a wonderful sex columnist who does not need men for any sort of support or stability in life as she has a strong bond with the rest of the pals she lives with. She has encouraged females across the world to have a bold ownership on their femininity. Although, a raunchy dude-like talk is a part of Carrie's accent which is associated with her male player counterparts, she never fails to witness a soft, feminine side of her personality when her heart was broken. Feminism Feminism may be construed in many ways to many people. It refers to the theory of unjustly inequality to men because of the social meaning of their bodies (Faulconer). As a result, feminism can be referred to as the system of thought or a movement which incorporates a variety of views on the nature of women as they believe in a pluralistic vision of the world which equally regards importance to the experiences of women of all races and classes (Richards, 1992). Carrie is a successful woman, and she considers identity on the top as the development of a sense of self is an important aspect if one needs to concept his values, abilities and hopes for the future (Arnett, 2001, p. 370). Being a media person, she has successfully witnessed the tool kits of possibilities for most of the dimensions such as work, love and idiosyncrasies. She, being an independent person, never preferred anybody else to take hold of her life. This is evident from an episode of Season four of the 'Sex and the Ci ty' series, when the girls meet up for lunch in order to catch up and Carrie reveals that she and Aidan have exchanged keys to each other's apartments. When she comes back home she discovers Aidan cooking in her kitchen which was never used before. Furthermore, her computer was crashed and the access of several files was denied. She was chastised by Aidan for not backing up her material. Though, they go to a computer repairing shop so in order to get her system repaired, the

The Impact Of Airline Alliances Tourism Essay

The Impact Of Airline Alliances Tourism Essay At this moment, there are three main airline alliances around the globe. First of all, Star Alliance, which was created in 1997 and currently consisting of 27 member airlines (Star Alliance, 2012). Second, OneWorld, established in 1999 and presently having 12 members. Last, the youngest airline alliance is SkyTeam, formed in 2000 and consists now of 18 member airlines (SkyTeam, 2012). In the first chapter of this paper, the impacts of airline alliances on their members will be discussed. Second, the effects of allied airlines on non-member airlines will be argued. And finally, the influences of airline alliances on the airports they fly at will be explained. In each chapter, both positive and negative influences will be discussed. 1. Impacts on member airlines Positive impacts on member airlines Airline alliances have several positive impacts on their member airlines. In this paragraph, three examples of positive impacts will be explained. A first positive impact can be found in saving the airlines costs on various areas. For instance, when buying aircraft materials for maintenance purposes, member airlines can reduce the total costs by purchasing these resources together and may receive bulk discounts. The same counts for the bulk purchase of aircraft. For example, in 2003, four members of Star Alliance intended to bulk purchase up to 200 standardised regional aircraft (Doganis, 2006, p. 93). According to Doganis (2006), it is estimated that joint purchasing can cut the prices paid by up to seven per cent and eventually reducing the total invoice by up to a billion dollars every year (p. 93). Furthermore, the joint use of other services, for example ground handling or catering facilities, can also help in reducing airline costs (Bissessur Alamdari, 1998, p. 335). A second positive impact on member airlines can be retrieved in the increased passenger traffic. The cause of this increase is generally caused by the extension of the airlines network by using code-sharing (Bissessur Alamdari, 1998). Code sharing is beneficial for both the selling airline and the operating airline. On the one hand, it is advantageous for the selling airline as it is selling a ticket of the operating airline under its own designator code. This means that the selling airline gained access to new markets without having to operate their own aircraft there. On the other hand, the operating airline is likely to carry more passengers on board as the tickets are sold through more distribution channels than rather its own. A third positive impact can be found in the area of labour costs. Nowadays, labour costs represent quite a considerable part of an airlines operating cost. As can be seen in table 1.1, wages and associated costs of labour mostly account for 20 to 35 per cent of the airlines total operating cost Doganis (2006, p. 119). According to Doganis (2001), labour costs differ more between airlines in the same markets, unlike other costs as ground handling, fuel and airport fees. Iatrou (2004) gives two reasons how an airline alliance could help in reducing labour costs. First, the number of sales and ground personnel could be reduced by sharing offices at bases of another member airline, instead of maintaining its own offices across the globe. Second, it is argued that alliances facilitate member airlines to resort to the low-wage structure of its partners, for example cabin and cockpit crew, without saving on employee quality. Table 1 Wages and associated costs of labour as a percentage of total operating cost, 2002 North American European East Asian/Pacific SAS 34.4 Air France 33.5 Iberia 31.6 Delta 31.0 American 30.4 United 29.0 Northwest 28.1 KLM 26.4 Continental 26.1 Cathay Pacific US Airways 25.4 Air Canada 24.7 British Airways 24.3 Lufthansa* 23.4 SIA Japan Airlines Thai All Nippon Korean *Note: Lufthansa excludes maintenance staff Source: Doganis (2006, p. 119) Negative impacts on member airlines Although alliances have several positive effects on member airlines, being in an alliance could also have some negative impact on member airlines. First, it is argued that participating in an alliance could affect an airlines brand image (Kleymann Seristà ¶, 2004). This problem may be triggered by the variety of images within the alliance. The authors suggest that it could be possible that an image for an alliance is created that is unlike the image of any of the affiliated airlines. However, a concession between the images of the most dominant member airlines is considered to be more likely. Especially for smaller airlines it could be considered to be hard to adapt to the created image of the alliance (p. 120). A second negative effect could be conflicting agreements. Iatrou (2004) explains that it is likely that all alliances members use the same supplier. Before an airline accesses to an alliance, it usually has long-standing relationship with different suppliers, such as catering, Central Reservation System (CRS) and so on. The airline may find it difficult to rescind these contracts because of possible penalties as a consequence. Moreover, when an airline agrees on a new supplier, it will very likely have to invest time and money in getting familiarised with the new suppliers and their systems (p. 114). This brings us to a third possible negative effect. Increased costs for an airline could be considered as another probable negative impact on member airlines. Next to the regular subscription fee that a member airline has to pay, Iatrou (2004) mentions the so-called sunk-costs for the airline. These tangible expenses cover all adjustments that have to be made in order to meet the alliances requirements, like the aircraft interior. These investments are to be made to ensure effective alliance operations and to have consistent commitment of the member airlines to the alliance. Especially for relatively small airlines, these costs can be seen as a considerable investment, which might make them more dependent on the alliance (p. 115-116). 2. Impacts on non-member airlines 2.1. Positive impacts on non-member airlines During the last decades, several so called alliances have been formed in the airline industry. According to Stanford-Smith, Chiozza Edin (2002), a strategic alliance can be explained as any form of long-term cooperation between. 2.2. Negative impacts on non-member airlines As for the negative effects on non-member airlines, the tough competition can be considered as the main one. Bjà ¶rk (2002) explains the consequences of competition between allied airlines and non-partner airlines. The author argues that airlines that dominate a hub are likely to receive a greater number of slot allowances at their main hubs, which will probably lead to some anti-competitive concerns. Bjà ¶rk continues by giving the example of a measure initiated by the US Department of Transport (DOT) to reduce this anti-competitive situation. First of all, the US DOT has recognised that where service in the market is constrained by slot availability, a hub carrier with access to a large pool of slots has even greater availability to respond in entry in an anti-competitive way because the entrant will be unable to add capacity on its own. As a consequence, in order to stimulate competition in some markets, the US DOT has granted a restricted number of slot freedoms to new airlines that wish to compete in that particular market. Regrettably, the approach of the US DOT did not increase the competition in these markets. The reason given for this was that new players do not find it economically justified to enter into a market which is dominated by a single hub airline in order to participate (Young, 1999). Bjà ¶rk (2002) argues that this reasoning can be easily relied on the market shares of hub airlines. Figure 1 shows the airline market share at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport over 2011. It can be clearly seen that KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (KL) is by far the largest operator at Schiphol Airport with a market share of nearly 50 per cent. A hub carrier as KLM has created over the years a constant increase share of available slots at their hub airports, which according to the author are called fortress hubs (p. 29). However, congested hubs are not the only causes of anxiety on anti-competition. Figure 1 Airline market share at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport over 2011 based on air transport movements Source: compiled by the author; data source Schiphol (2011, p. 25) As airlines join together in alliances the aviation market will become more concentrated. This will increase the risk of collusion between the remaining market participants. At many of these airports governments have found it necessary to divide runway utilisation into time-defined segments known as slots and allocate them to airlines that wish to operate from the airport. 3. Impacts on airports 3.1. Positive impacts on airports The presence of airline alliances has various positive impacts on airports. As all members in an alliance have an extended destination network, because of the connectivity possibilities of their alliance partners, it can be argued that the number of transfer passengers at airports increases. Figure 2 shows that the number of transfer passengers at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands has rose steadily from 18 million in 2004 up to 20.3 million in 2008 (Schiphol, 2011). It can be believed that the presence of the SkyTeam alliance, which uses Amsterdam Schiphol as a hub, has contributed to the growth of transfer passengers. As a consequence, this increasing number of transfer passengers has also a positive effect on the purchase of duty-free products in the airport shops. In order to increase the sales at airport shops, an airport can decide on opening speciality stores which may interest international transfer passengers. To come back on the example of Amsterdam Schiphol, in the past years it has opened more luxury duty-free stores as a reply to the increasing demand by especially Russian and Asian transfer passengers. This includes a Finest Spirits Cigars store and a store that focusses on the sale of various chocolate products. (Schiphol, 2011, p. 58). Figure 2 The number of transfer passengers (in millions) at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport (2004-2011) Source: compiled by the author data source: Schiphol (2012) 3.2. Negative impacts on airports In contrast with the various positive effects of airline alliances on airports, there are also some downsides. As airline alliances bring an increased number of additional traffic, congestion at an airport can be considered as a negative effect, particularly at peak times. Especially when there is an ineffective use of the airport infrastructure, it can be hard to harmonise the flights in a short timeframe (Dennis, 2001). At many of this type of airport it has been considered unavoidable to split the use of the runway into time-defined segments commonly known as slots (Bjà ¶rk, 2002, p. 28). According to IATA (2011), slots can be defined as a permission given by a coordinator for a planned operation to use the full range of airport infrastructure necessary to arrive or depart at an [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] airport on a specific date and time (p. 11). Besides, most flights at hubs are scheduled in so called waves. In each wave, a large number of arriving flights in a short timeframe is followed by more or less the same number of departures, after allowing some time for reallocation of passengers and luggage. For example, figure 3 shows the wave system of Germanys flag carrier Lufthansa at Munich Airport, which consists of four waves during a regular weekday. Figure 3 Wave-system analysis, Lufthansa, Munich Source: Burghouwt (2007), p. 69 As airports do not have an unrestricted peak capacity, especially during such a wave, airlines are ought to adapt their schedules. Dennis (2001) discusses two main options for rescheduling. First, flights can be added to the borders of the present waves. Second, new waves can be developed to accommodate these additional flights. With regard to the number of connections, the first option is more likely to be chosen. However, while extending the current wave, the connection time will also increase. Figure 4 implies that a wave with approximately 50 aircraft is likely to be the best option. Passing this number could involve extra waiting time for passengers, which could result in an increased peak load on the terminal building (p. 2). A second negative impact on airports is the investment that airports have to make for alliances in order to accommodate seamless transfer connectivity. In order to reduce the Minimum Connecting Time (MCT) for passengers, airports have done some adjustments to their infrastructure. An example is Brussels Airport in Belgium, which upgraded their customs and immigration facilities to create a better flow of passengers transferring from a Schengen origin to a Non-Schengen destination. Some airports are not designed to accommodate traffic from airline alliances. For example, when an airport has multiple terminals that are not located near each other. This might take a passenger a long time to transfer when alliance partners are spread over multiple terminals, affecting the MCT as well (Dennis, 2001). Figure 4 Increase in connections with wave size (based on 60 arrivals/departures per hour and 30 minute minimum connecting time) Source: Dennis (2001, p. 2). Conclusion During the last decades, several so called alliances have been formed in the airline industry. According to Stanford-Smith, Chiozza Edin (2002), a strategic alliance can be explained as any form of long-term cooperation between

Evolution of the Internet: A Rhizomatic Application of Darwin :: Internet Web Cyberspace Essays

Evolution of the Internet Evolution is the process Charles Darwin described – the story he told – to explain the diversity of the planet. Evolution exists in nature as the interplay between linear natural selection and random events. This randomness necessitates a nonlinear model for exploring evolution as a whole, and as randomness is increasingly recognized as the dominant evolutionary force, "evolutionary schemas may be forced to abandon the old model of the tree and descent" (Deleuze 33). If we take a rhizome as an evolutionary model instead of a tree, this "connects any point to any other point" (Deleuze 35) and allows for nonlinear progression. Once the model for evolution is freed from its directed linear path, it can be applied to disciplines outside of biology. The internet has evolved in much the same way as life on earth. Just as "all life on Earth... started with a single origin of life" (Mayr 21) and has grown increasingly complex, "the Internet grew from a single experimental network... to a globe-spanning system linking millions of computers" (Abbate 1). Both processes began with a single entity that turned into populations by increasing its complexity and diversity. While the "spreading out" of organisms on the planet is governed by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the parallel "spreading out" of information on the Internet is the result of a different kind of entropy. As populations and diversity increase, entropy escalates: in the internet's infancy, there were so few users that there was limited cyber-interaction among them (Abbate 84), but as more users signed on and more documents became available, there was further interaction and thus accelerated evolution. The same kind of order / disorder, expansion / contraction binaries that drive the evolution of life on earth can be applied to the evolution of the internet. In life, these opposing pairs catalyze speciation. On the internet, they create the kind of categories used in directories to organize information and by browsers to recognize different types of documents (HTML, PHP, PDF, JPEG, etc.). Whether the evolution of life and of the internet is occurring as a process moving toward "perfection" is irrelevant: both systems are in transition, suspended in "continuous flux" (Mayr 7) in a race toward ever-increasing complexity and diversity. Both of these parallel processes must be considered rhizomatically. Neither the internet nor life has progressed along a clear line. Alongside and around the "main" trajectory of evolution, there exists "aparallel evolution" (Deleuze 33). Evolution of the Internet: A Rhizomatic Application of Darwin :: Internet Web Cyberspace Essays Evolution of the Internet Evolution is the process Charles Darwin described – the story he told – to explain the diversity of the planet. Evolution exists in nature as the interplay between linear natural selection and random events. This randomness necessitates a nonlinear model for exploring evolution as a whole, and as randomness is increasingly recognized as the dominant evolutionary force, "evolutionary schemas may be forced to abandon the old model of the tree and descent" (Deleuze 33). If we take a rhizome as an evolutionary model instead of a tree, this "connects any point to any other point" (Deleuze 35) and allows for nonlinear progression. Once the model for evolution is freed from its directed linear path, it can be applied to disciplines outside of biology. The internet has evolved in much the same way as life on earth. Just as "all life on Earth... started with a single origin of life" (Mayr 21) and has grown increasingly complex, "the Internet grew from a single experimental network... to a globe-spanning system linking millions of computers" (Abbate 1). Both processes began with a single entity that turned into populations by increasing its complexity and diversity. While the "spreading out" of organisms on the planet is governed by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the parallel "spreading out" of information on the Internet is the result of a different kind of entropy. As populations and diversity increase, entropy escalates: in the internet's infancy, there were so few users that there was limited cyber-interaction among them (Abbate 84), but as more users signed on and more documents became available, there was further interaction and thus accelerated evolution. The same kind of order / disorder, expansion / contraction binaries that drive the evolution of life on earth can be applied to the evolution of the internet. In life, these opposing pairs catalyze speciation. On the internet, they create the kind of categories used in directories to organize information and by browsers to recognize different types of documents (HTML, PHP, PDF, JPEG, etc.). Whether the evolution of life and of the internet is occurring as a process moving toward "perfection" is irrelevant: both systems are in transition, suspended in "continuous flux" (Mayr 7) in a race toward ever-increasing complexity and diversity. Both of these parallel processes must be considered rhizomatically. Neither the internet nor life has progressed along a clear line. Alongside and around the "main" trajectory of evolution, there exists "aparallel evolution" (Deleuze 33).

Children and Young People Behaviour Essay

Describe the benefits of encouraging and rewarding children’s positive behaviour. It is a necessity for a care provider to reward positive behaviour as positive reinforcement is vital for a child’s development. If you only punish a child for negative behaviour and not rewarding positive behaviour as well it will make the child develop a distort view of cause and affect, leaving them unsure of what is positive behaviour. This will then lead onto the child acting in a negative way in order to receive attention as it’s the only way they know how to get attention. Encouraging and rewarding positive behaviour balances out this problem and makes children want to try and receive positive rewards. The child will learn that doing something good will give them the right attention that they deserve and less likely to act out in a negative way for attention. Rewarding a child for their good behaviour encourages them to want to try new things so that they can receive even more praise therefore giving them more confidence and self-esteem. The confidence to try new things allows the child to learn new things and develop in many different ways. Care givers should be aware that not all rewards have to be big and a simple high five and a smile or a sticker will encourage a child to maintain good behaviour. For example if a child is learning how to write the letters, saying â€Å"well done† and giving the child after each attempt will make them want to keep trying until the can write the letter correctly. Describe behaviour problems that children and young children may display at different ages and that should be referred to others. Whom should these be referred to? Young children may develop a number of different â€Å"behaviour problems† during their development. A common behaviour problem is biting which normally starts around the age of 18 months. Although it may seem as if the child is being aggressive it is important for care providers to remember that it is a form of exploration, children use their mouths to explore as it is one of the most developed parts of their bodies. Infants don’t have self-control at this young age so they could bite someone when they feel excited or even for no reason and because they see something close that they can bite. When this trait continues when the child is a toddler it is still out of frustration, if a child is unable to communicate using their words they get frustrated not being able to get their message across therefore bite instead. Care providers should speak together with the child’s parents or guardian in rder to devise a plan of action on how to handle the situation. However if the situation is still a behaviour problem for a child who is over the age of 3 years it will be taken more seriously as the main causes for biting are no self-control and lack of communication but at this age most children have both of these qualities so their reason for biting may be different such as attention seeking. Further help may need to be asked for by a specialist in behaviour management in order to find a speci fic solution for the behaviour problem. Temper tantrums occur for most toddlers. The reason that temper tantrums are used as the child gets frustrated that they can’t control their environment around them and the actions of others. For example if a child asks to go and play outside but the care providers at their nursery tells them no they would throw themselves on the floor and shout, the beginning of their tantrum. Language has not fully developed for toddlers so they may not understand why they may not be allowed to do what they wish. It has been shown through studying young children that a high percentage of children will snatch toys, push other children over or fight with other children. They may not have reached the stage in their development when they understand some things are theirs, some things belong to others and some things are shared between children (for example nursery toys) At the age of 5 years this is when a child would transition into school. This may be due to separation anxiety or having to interact with people they are not familiar with. Trouble adapting to their new environment could cause behaviour problems such as not wanting to operate with the new rules in their school. However at the age of 5 language is much more developed and parents can explain to the child and reassure them to make them feel more comfortable and get used to their new environment. Although they have come very far in their development by this age there are still more things for a child to achieve from the age of five years. This can result in the child becoming very frustrated with themselves if they can’t do something â€Å"perfectly† as they may not get the results they want when completing a task such as drawing a picture of their parents. At the age of five years the child may also try to test limits as they are exploring their independence. This will be shown through talking about or simple not listening to instructions when told to do something. Whining and tantrums are also sometimes still common at this age as the child has only recently left pre-school and have not developed enough to understand that there are other ways of expressing themselves. In order to resolve this behaviour problem it is down to the school to keep reminding the child what is expected of them and try to encourage and reward positiove behaviour. Talking to parents is key as you can work together to try and resolve a problem that may only be temporary due to the child’s age. It is important for both parents and child providers to remember tat what may seem like disobedience may simple be a lack or language or lack of attention and most cases of â€Å"disruptive behaviour† will be grown out of as the child develops in all aspects. For example a child of two and a half years has not developed many communication skills so growls at the other children in the pre school instead of talking. Although this behaviour is unacceptable the child should simple be spoken explaining that its not nice and focus on the underlying problem which is the speech elay and try to encourage the speech instead. If through the helkp of the care providers at the pre school and the parents can’t speed along the speech then a speech and language specialist may be needed in order to help the child.

List questions Case Studies Essay

Overview and Objectives: The case traces the path taken by an overseas operation from low cost manufacturing to higher value-added activities such as R&D. It asks students to consider the factors driving the evolution and this timing and circumstances that would make it successful. It creates the opportunity to discuss the tensions of designing for marketing vs. designing for manufacturing, the challenges of product development in a cross cultural setting, and the reasons why localized R&D may be successful. vs. adaptation, and the structures and systems built to manage that tension. The case also helps to the diagnosis of the causes of failure of a new product development project, and the sources of challenges of a cross-cultural context. Finally, the case enables students to discuss the â€Å"local for local† strategy. Suggested Questions: 1. What capabilities and resources does a company need to develop new products? 2. Which of these capabilities and resources foes Bella Healthcare India have? 3. Why did Project Baton fail? 4. Should Bella Healthcare India take on project TKO and develop an EKG specifically for the local market? Coloplast 10 years of global operations Ivey 2011 # W12101 STRAT MAGT – Internationalization and offshoring activities; matrix structure UD: 12/12/2012 Overview and Objectives: The case examines the organizational and managerial challenges involved in offshoring and internationalizing substantial portions of firms’ organizational activities to foreign countries. Students will need to consider the learning journey Coloplast underwent in this process, from managing the reconfiguration to the implementation of a new and complex design. They have to understand the features and challenges of the matrix form as the organizational structure used by Coloplast. The case covers three topics: offshoring and international business; international corporate strategy; organizational design and learning. Suggested Questions: 1. What are the strategic challenges of reconfiguring a company like Coloplast in which it transforms from a company with only domestically located activities to have offshored most of its production to a number of foreign locations? 2. Discuss the problematic introduction of the matrix structure. Why can matrix structures be problematic in large organizations? What could have made the matrix structure more successful? 3. The case illustrates how Coloplast reconfigured its organization from being only domestically located to become truly multinational. What are the organizational consequences of reconfiguring the company on a global scale? 4. Coloplast went through an extensive learning journey since the decision to offshore production facilities. Which key learning points were achieved, and how can the company ensure that this knowledge is embedded in future strategic considerations? 5. Identify, describe, and discuss the competitive environment and market characteristics if the ind ustry in which Coloplast belongs. Levendary Cafà ©: The China challenge 2011, HBS #4357 STRAT MAGT – Internationalization; expansion in China; standardization vs. adaptation; relationship HQ-subsidiary UD: 12/12/2012 Overview and Objectives: The case describes the establishment of Levendary Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s subsidiary in China and its evolving relationship with its parent company during the first two years of its existence. It focuses in particular on the decisions and actions of Louis Chen, the founding president of the subsidiary as he tries to establish relations in China and to negotiate its relationships with Headquarters in the USA. The case enables to examine the following topics: 1) the need for standardization and control vs. differentiation and flexibility; 2) the tension between strategic control and entrepreneurial flexibility; and 3) situational leadership, and leadership models. More precisely, it can be used to build an understanding of the roles and responsibilities of country subsidiary management and the corresponding changes in the nature of the headquarters-subsidiary relationship, including the control aspect. Students can also study the global strategic issue of operations of standardization vs. adaptation, and the structures and systems built to manage that tension. Suggested Questions: 1. What is your evaluation of the way Levendary Cafà © has entered the China market? 2. What changes (in any) should Mia Foster make? Specifically, what should she do about Louis Chen? And what changes (if any) would you propose at headquarters? 3. Prepare a specific action program for Foster to help her deal with the need for continued growth in China. What should be on the agenda for her meeting with Chen?

Entrepreneur Interview Essay Example

Entrepreneur Interview Essay Example Entrepreneur Interview Essay Entrepreneur Interview Essay The individual I chose to interview is the proprietor of the company at my current topographic point of work. Larry Godwin is the proprietor of Godwin Company. Inc. which is a forklift and golf auto gross revenues. and service company. Larry worked on his household farm turning up in Arkansas after go forthing school in the 4th class and so moved to Indianapolis when he was 18 old ages old and began working for a fan company. He got an chance for an apprenticeship place at a tool and decease company making chiefly forklift fixs. After that he went to work for Westinghouse. reconstructing electrical equipment. making machine work. and keeping their forklifts. He so decided to work for Kidney-Wood. a tow motor distributer. where he was a route technician for one twelvemonth. he was so promoted to Service Manager. After working in that place for 10 old ages. he saved $ 4. 000. 00 by working overtime on eventide and weekends so he could get down his ain concern. that concern is now a pro fitable company. I think it’s of import to indicate out that he did this with merely a 4th class degree instruction. He is a really determined individual and learned everything he knows by detecting and taking in everything he learned at his old topographic points of employment. Larry foremost opened for concern at 2222 East tenth Street in 1969 serving industrial sweepers and scrubbers for infirmaries and mills. every bit good as. serving forklift trucks. In 1971 he moved his location to 846 North Hamilton and from at that place in 1974 he made his concluding move to 1175 West 16th Street. At this current location the company gross revenues and services forklifts and golf autos. The company besides owns 1151. 1201. 1205. and 1207 West 16th Street. which they lease these edifice to other companies who use it for storage or restaurant infinite. When he foremost started the concern had a net worth of $ 4. 000. 00 and is now a multi-million dollar company. Larry started the concern with the fact in head that if he worked for person else for the remainder of his life. he would merely do peanuts. He knew he was good at what he did and he told people so. He would state his clients. I’m the best forklift machinist in the state. And with that attitude he would derive the clients concern and regard. He had basic accounting cognition and knew the every department’s actions had to be accounted for in the books. He gained a batch of his cognition by paying close attending when he worked for others in the yesteryear. He knew that the concern had to either grow or travel rearward and it took about five old ages to acquire a good hard currency flow. He took out $ 100. 000. 00 loan from the bank to assist turn the concern and paid that loan off every bit shortly as possible. It’s the lone loan the company has of all time had. You have to hold a good apprehension of the fact that you can’t turn so fast that you can’t pay your creditors and don’t go out on a limb by buying excessively much stock in the beginning and non be able to sell it fast plenty in order to pay your measures. Thingss didn’t truly smooth out until approximately ten old ages in. He suggest distributing your portfolio out so that you won’t los everything if you make one hapless pick. He besides suggest get downing with larning everything possible about something you like and inquire yourself if you can do adequate money in the beginning to raise the capital of the concern because no bank will loan you money if you do non hold capital. The biggest advise Larry gave me during the interview was you have to be honest. loyal. have unity in the concern and be able to manage or see that every ailment is handled in a timely and appropriate manner. You have to cognize that the money that your concern makes corsets in the concern. If you start taking money out of the concern history. so you are losing your net income. As the proprietor of the company you get a payroll check and that is what you use to pay your personal measures. non the company’s money. I enjoyed acquiring to cognize the proprietor of the company I work for and how the concern was started. I was really impressed with Larry’s finding and passion he has for his concern. He is an inspiration to any one wanting to get down a concern of at that place ain. With merely a 4th class instruction he was determined and observant plenty to larn from others and construct a really successful concern. I’m proud to work for a company that is built on passion. honestness. and unity.

Google and the future of computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Google and the future of computing - Essay Example Initially, the company was only involved in the production of the internet related products and services. Following the varied market forces, Google has today expanded its production to a series of non-related products including the smart phones, smart watches, smart TVs and other accessories. As a result of successful technological breakthroughs, the company has been able to adequately perform in all the markets it has invested in. These technologies have further enabled the company to further expand its relative market share in the internet industry. Google Company’s core business is to produce the internet-related products and services to the world. In the recent past, Google Company has indicated that it is on the verge of developing a self-driving car. Some scholars of the world have viewed this step by the Google Company as a big step towards world’s technological advancement as well as a huge challenge to the competitors in the automobile industry. However, different players in the automobile industry seem to like the idea. In fact, General Motors has welcomed the idea by the Google Company to develop the self-driving cars and is even ready to assist. Also, four American states have passed a regulation that welcomes the self-driving cars in America. The self-driving cars are sort of electric cars that will be powered by certain software designed by the Google Company (Fisher, 2013). The car will be capable of producing a 3D map that has details concerning its current environment. The car will also have the cap ability of combining the produced detailed map concerning its environment and the map of the world. It is from the produced data from the combinations that this car is able to move around without being controlled by a driver. The self-driving cars will have quite a number of positive impacts to the different societies of the world. First, self-driving cars will benefit the aged members of the

Integration and Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Integration and Reflection - Essay Example I feel that couple of more complicated real life situations as usually encountered in the industries could help me sharpening my abilities. I am curious to know how increase and decrease in money supply dictates interest rates. For example, the US witnessed very high interest rates in 1980s due to low money supply but post 2008 financial crisis, the country experienced very low interest rates. The question important to me is that how far this is related to money supply? I know that it has more to do with economics rather than finances yet it appears to me that forecasting future interest rates is a way to settle discounting rates more appropriately as it largely dictates the present value of the future streams of revenue. It is absolutely clear to me that the learning in this course such as IRR, capital budgeting, importance and calculation of present value by considering most appropriate discounting rate, necessity of selecting appropriate capital structure for enhancing shareholders value and many other financial measures are critical for understanding and spearheading the growth of company under consideration. In short, the entire course has improved my worth a lot and I am pretty sure that the knowledge that I have gained in this course will help me in my professional and personal life, especially where finance-related decision making process is

Compare and contrast between the philosophical thoughts of Booker T Essay

Compare and contrast between the philosophical thoughts of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Dubois - Essay Example He sympathized with the black community to accept discrimination until such time they had material wealth to sustain their struggle. Moreover, Washington argued that the problem of black people could only be solved through hard work that lead to economic prosperity (Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B DuBois). Furthermore, Washington believed in education of the black people. He understood that education was an important tool in harnessing craftsmanship, farming skills, and enterprise. He believed that if people were educated they would easily cultivated the virtues of patience and thrift. Washington argued that these values would help black people win over the respect to the whites and make them integrated in the society. Du Bois was a political philosopher and an intellectual who lived from 1868 to 1963. He disputed Washington ideas and argued that they would aggravate discrimination of the black people rather than deliver them from servitude. Instead of perseverance Du Bois pursued political agitation and civil movement agenda. He helped form the NAACP. Moreover, Du Bois argued that social change can only be brought about by the influence of black college and university students. Du Bois referred to student as’ the Talented Tenth’ (Karenga 368). Washington and Du Bois agreed on the role of education, but they differed on how it would help the black community. For Washington, education was all good for everyone. However, Du Bois argued that education would only help a small group of the talented youth. Therefore, educated secured the plight of students only (Karenga 369). This called for civil rights movement to secure the rights of other black people from the white’s supremacy. Washington was more compromising while he requested the whites to offers the black people jobs and education and in return give up the demand for social equality. On the other hand, Du Bois was a militant who overturned the philosophy of Washington to a halt and made it

Civil Disobedience to Black Power Essay Example for Free

Civil Disobedience to Black Power Essay Up until the 1960’s the civil rights movement was practiced through peaceful protests established from the idea that equal recognition amongst all peoples was only acquired through non-violent acts. In the late 60’s these techniques transformed into fast and more efficient methods with different value sets. The changes within the Civil Rights movement occurred because African Americans were sick of the painfully slow progress accomplished through the civil rights movement, didn’t agree with the idea that being mistreated, disrespected, and stomped over (figuratively and literally) was the only resolution to overcome racism and segregation, and decided that violence and bloodshed (stemming from the theory that asking for deserved rights was to slow a process, when they could just take them) was aggressive enough to catch the eyes of many and gain Black Dominance or at least equal rights. Even with the Civil Rights Act in place, African American’s were tired of being neglected and disregarded. Peaceful protesting was only doing so much, the alternative of Black Power had begun to flourish in the late 60’s because it demanded respect through violent, attention-grabbing approaches that were created to actually change segregation and equality. The 1950’s and early 60’s were eras driven by the consumer culture, the US was extremely wealthy, the automobile industry was booming, suburban lifestyle had grown, television became extremely popular, and the general view of America was good (to say the least). The only ‘bad’ aspect of the US was inequality and the unrecognized rights (Blacks deserved). The US originally opted for saving justice and peace amongst Black communities in civil and non-violent ways, but there was limited execution. In 1954, for example, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation in public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education. This landmark case began a series of significant Civil Rights movements with regards to desegregation and equal rights. The early 60’s brought upon new perspectives and the idea of peaceful resolution was one of them. Due to the fact that American culture was thriving in material goods and prosperity African Americans figured the best way to go about change was to do it in calm, civil, non-brutal manners. Organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) began to emerge. Doc A, B, and C convey the goals pertaining to African Americans (in the early 0’s) and their hope for equal rights, legal citizenship, voting rights, and equal economic/labor opportunities. Doc A showcases the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee’s perspective that love transforms hate and nonviolence is the best way to bring about integration. The early 60’s held so much potential and optimism. African American’s were seeking equal privileges so contently because they experienced Americans’ positive response to America’s success and didn’t want to harm the culture or destroy the peace. One attempt for Civil Rights included a peaceful protest in Birmingham, Alabama. The response of the police was outrageous. As seen in Doc B, the photograph (from 1963) shows racist and corrupt police attacking African Americans after a peaceful protest (to allow Blacks into church). Rather than defend himself, the black man depicted in the photo is responding with no resentment or anger. Many African Americans were beaten and sent to jail; including Martin Luther King, Jr. Doc C (1963) is a letter written by MLK from the Birmingham Jail promoting peace and arguing that â€Å"injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. † MLK desired peace rather than violence because of his educational background and upbringing-his father was the minister of the Ebenezer Baptist Church and he passed on his understanding, tolerance, and religious views (inspired by peace) to his son. MLK could be peaceful, even after going to jail for no reason. After the Birmingham incident, John F. Kennedy announced his promise to end racial discrimination on radio and television. The speech served as motivation to civil right leaders, a wake-up call to Congress, and the inspiration for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 (unfortunately JFK never lived to see these passed). Although these rights were legally authorized, African Americans were not fully protected. Just because they were laws in place, didn’t mean they were implemented with major concern or emphasis. Race riots, racial profiling, and illegal discrimination were still occurring. African Americans realized that in order to truly get what they wanted, they needed prompt uncivil protests. Stokely Carmichael, a violent-protest-supporter, coined the phrase â€Å"black power† and stated â€Å"I am not going to beg the white man for anything I deserve; I’m going to take it. † We see the change in strategy for Black Nationalism. Carmichael’s speech, entitled, â€Å"what we want† from 1966 (Doc E) implies the only way to get money, property, respect, and in general civil rights for African American’s is to demand it, whether it was by strike, boycott, riot, or any other possible means of violent rebellion. The reasons why there was such a focus on gaining equality through violence was because peaceful protests were not developing equality quick enough, African American’s needed each other in order to attain enough votes for one collective ballot, and violent acts needed the most attention because they needed to be stopped the fastest. Take, for example the scenario of when a child throws a fit, the parent will do whatever it takes to stop the child’s interrupting objection and annoying whines, the same initiative for Black Power. Some philosophers even argue that Black Power was an act of revenge, Blacks felt obligated to torture Whites and act in violent ways to get even with them for their previous treatment of African slaves. At this point African Americans had to fight for things Whites got easily, like jobs, money, respect, social status, religion, privacy and the general right to be able to go to common-day-places (like the grocery store or local restaurant) and not have to worry about discrimination. The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (Doc F in 1967) preached that black people must resort to violence because they have not made any gains through peace. Malcolm X, a Black Power activist and violent-protesting-leader supported this idea and said, â€Å"Stand on your own feet and solve our problems ourselves instead of depending on white people to solve them for us. † This quote shows the foundation for Black Power-fast, unexpected, memorable recognition. Malcolm X ridiculed Martin Luther King’s attempt at Birmingham saying it showed the uselessness of nonviolent-protest. The increasing amount of African Americans promoting violence concerned American citizens. Whites believed that if the government didn’t take action, mass riots and destruction would erupt everywhere, and they were somewhat on track. By 1968, (according to Doc G) 62% of African Americans were registered to vote, that’s 33% more than in 1960. This evidence suggests that the violent acts did make an impact and shape the Civil Rights movement into what we view it as today.